Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal pain is defined as acute or chronic pain that affects bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons and nerves. The pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders are tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibromyalgia and bone fractures. Musculoskeletal pain affects bones, joints, ligaments, tendons or muscles. An injury such as a fracture may cause sudden, severe pain.…
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INSOMNIA
INTRODUCTION Insomnia is defined as a sleep disorder, with complaints of difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, early awakening and interrupted or non-restorative sleep. Insomnia can be acute or chronic. It is acute if the symptoms occur for less than 3 months and is chronic if the symptoms occur 3 or more times per week…
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INFERTILITY
INTRODUCTION Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual coitus. Infertility can be primary or secondary. Primary infertility is when a pregnancy has never been achieved by a person, and secondary infertility is when at…
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ANXIETY
Occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money or family problems. But anxiety disorder involves more than temporary worry or fear. The symptoms can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, school work and relationships. Several Types of Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) GAD…
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ACID PEPTIC DISEASE
Acid peptic diseases (APD) are considered as a group of diseases characterised by overlapping pathological mechanisms or an imbalance created between the acid secretion and mucosal defence mechanism, where the results manifest as gastro oesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer and stress related injuries to the gastric mucosa. Acid peptic diseases influence the quality of life…
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OSTEOPOROSIS
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a bone condition that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the quality or structure of bone changes. This can lead to a decrease in bone strength that can increase the risk of fracture of bones. ETIOLOGY SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS T-Scores and WHO diagnostic criteria for Osteoporosis Interpretation Normal Osteopenia…
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POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs. This condition affects an estimated 8 – 13% of…
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SINUSITIS
INTRODUCTION Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled spaces around the nose. It can result from an inflammatory reaction or infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ETIOLOGY Causes are a combination of environmental and host factors: TYPES Depending upon duration: Depending upon location: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT…
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SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) lupus/butterfly rash /discoid lupus) is the most common type of lupus. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels. There is no cure…
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EPILEPSY
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a chronic non communicable disease of the brain, characterized by recurrent seizures, which are brief episodes of involuntary movement that may involve a part of the body (partial) or the entire body (generalized) and are sometimes accompanied by loss of consciousness and control of bowel or bladder function. Seizure episodes are a…
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IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) also called as ‘spastic colon’, ‘nervous colon’ or ‘mucus colitis’ is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by altered bowel habits in association with abdominal discomfort or pain in the absence of detectable structural and biochemical abnormalities. It is also termed as ‘PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDER’, as stress and anxiety are the…
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BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
DEFINITION: It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyper responsiveness that leads to recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, difficulty in breathing, chest tightness and coughing. Symptom episodes are generally associated with widespread, but variable, airflow obstruction within the lungs that is usually reversible either spontaneously or with…
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CHOLELITHIASIS (GALL STONES)
INTRODUCTION: Cholelithiasis or gall stones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid bile that are formed within the gall bladder. They vary in size and shape from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. It mainly occurs due to imbalance in the chemical constituents of the bile, which precipitates…
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LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is the result of persistent damage of liver over many years. Alcohol, drugs, viruses and metabolic factors are the most common causes. When inflammation is ongoing, liver attempts to repair itself by scarring. But too much scar tissue prevents the liver from its regular function. The end stage leads to liver failure. Stages…
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CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
DEFINITION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic renal failure is progressive and permanent loss of renal function. It is caused by damage to both the kidneys by a variety of diseases such that they are unable to adequately remove the metabolic products from the blood and regulate the body’s electrolyte and acid-base balance. These patients…
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Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Urinary tract infection is an infection in any part of the urinary system. TYPES OF UTI: This type of infection can involve the Most infections involve the lower urinary tract – the bladder and the urethra. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: CAUSES: Bacteria are the most common cause of UTIs, although fungi rarely can also infect the…
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MIGRAINE
INTRODUCTION: The word migraine is derived from the greek word “hemikraina” meaning the “unilateral headache”, later converted as “hemigranea”. The French translation, of the term is ‘migraine’. Migraine is a nervous disorder characterized by episodes of moderate to severe headaches, most often unilaterally and generally associated with nausea and increased sensitivity to light and sound.…
Got any book recommendations?
Sir Issac Newton Naturopathy and Yoga medical college 